Social Science Level 3 Passage 1

Here is my attempt at explaining the passage, identifying key vocabulary, and providing answer justifications for passage level 3 P1:

Passage Explanation:

The passage discusses a study analyzing the relationships and origins of different folktales across cultures, specifically the tale of "Little Red Riding Hood." The study uses phylogenetic analysis, which is normally used to study evolutionary relationships between biological species, to trace relationships between folktales and classify them into types. The analysis looks at variants of the "Little Red Riding Hood" tale and a similar tale called "The Wolf and the Kids" across different cultures. It finds that "Little Red Riding Hood" forms a distinct tale type separate from "The Wolf and the Kids." East Asian tales are identified as a divergent sister lineage. 

Important Vocabulary:

1. mediated - معدلة
   Meaning: influenced, affected
2. phenomena - ظواهر 
   Meaning: occurrences, events
3. figure - رقم
   Meaning: number, statistic
4. belong to - ينتمي إلى
   Meaning: be grouped with, be associated with
5. posed - طرحت
   Meaning: asked, presented

Answer Explanations:

1. C - Lines 19-25 explain how phylogenetics can be used to study cultural phenomena by reconstructing relationships of common ancestry, supporting answer C.
2. B - Lines 13-16 serve as evidence that phylogenetics was originally used for biology but is now applied to cultural phenomena as well, consistent with answer B.
3. A - Lines 29-33 imply "The Tiger Grandmother" tale shares similarities with Little Red Riding Hood, aligning with answer A.
4. C - Lines 35-37 suggest some writers group the East Asian tales with "The Wolf and the Kids" instead, providing evidence for answer C. 
5. C - Line 36 states the East Asian tales may "belong to" another tale type, most nearly meaning they could be grouped with a different tale.
6. B - Lines 48-51 serve as evidence that moccasin design patterns can be explained by geographic relationships between tribes, consistent with answer B.
7. A - Lines 67-71 explain the puzzling language correlation, implying languages and geography unexpectedly do not align, supporting answer A. 
8. D - Lines 67-69 provide evidence for answer choice D, stating language patterns don't correlate with geographic patterns.
9. B - According to the table, the Gros Ventre and Blackfoot tribes have the second highest similarity, after each tribe's self-comparison. This supports answer B.
10. A - Lines 56-61 imply the Sun Dance variations relate to inter-tribe transmission, which aligns with answer A. 
11. C - According to the table, the Arapho share 48% similarities with the Gros Ventre, making C the closest option.

Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!

Edit This Article